Introduction and practical experience of nature and landscape conservation issues, with field trips.

This introductory lecture in ecology covers basic ecological concepts and the most important levels of complexity in ecological research. Ecological concepts are exemplified by using aquatic and terrestrial systems; corresponding methodological approaches are demonstrated. Threats to biodiversity and the appropriate management are discussed.

In this course, the students explore ecological approaches, philosophical foundations, and practical implementations of nature conservation. Based on case studies, they are introduced to different views, values and ideals inherent in these activities.

Field course in Vegetation and Site Conditions to identify relationships between plant communities and site conditions thus increasing the knowledge of native grassland and forest ecosystems. Vegetation assessments are carried out and interpreted using indicator values and diversity indices. These data are complemented by measurements of plant ecophysiology, microclimate and soil factors.

The main vegetation types (biomes) of the world are presented with their structure, functioning, and dependence on abiotic and biotic factors as well as human impacts. Important topics are the effects of climate and soil conditions, fire, succession, herbivory, human use, biodiversity, worldwide patterns of species distribution, convergence, radiation, invasion and exctinction, endemism.