Classification of organic reactions, reactive intermediates: radicals, carbocations, carbanions, acids & bases, electrophilic aromatic substitution, electrophilic addition to double bonds, HSAB concept, nucleophilic substitution at sp3 hybridized carbon centres (SN1/SN2 reactions), nucleophilic aromatic substitutions, eliminations, oxidations, reductions.

Introduction to classical and modern physical organic methods for understanding organic reactions, reactivities, and mechanisms including kinetics analyses, transition state theory, linear free-energy relationships, isotope effects, as well as molecular orbital theories.