Chemistry for Physicist II

Objective

The "language" of chemistry: terminology, chemical formulas, models, systematics and nomenclature of chemical compounds. Properties of substances, structure of molecules. Chemical reactions: Types, equilibria, kinetics. Methods: Separation and purification of substances, analytical methods, spectroscopy.

Content

ACIDS AND BASES Characterisation of acidity and basicity; autoprotolysis; titrations; pH buffering; pH glass electrode, pH indicators. SPECTROSCOPY Electron spectroscopy; absorption and transmission; UV/VIS spectrometers; fluorescence; phosphorescence; dye laser; visual process. Infrared spectroscopy; harmonic and inharmonic oscillator; functional groups and their vibrational frequencies; vibration/rotation spectra of molecules; IR spectrometers. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; FT-NMR spectrometer; relaxation; chemical shift; MR imaging; line intensities; spin-spin coupling; linewidth; decoupling; 2D-NMR spectroscopy. Mass spectrometry: characteristic fragmentation and eliminiation reactions; alpha cleavage; benzyl cleavage; allyl cleavage; McLafferty rearrangements; isotopic profiles; mass spectrometers; ionisation methods; mass analyzers. KINETICS Elementary reactions; molecularity; time scales of chemical reactions; reaction velocity; orders of reactions; rate constant; simple and complex kinetics; reversible reactions; relaxation kinetics; parallel reactions; consecutive reactions; quasi-stationarity; chain reactions; polymerisation; enzyme kinetics; temperature dependence of the rate constant; Arrhenius activation energy; diffusion-controlled reactions in solution; experimental methods in kinetics; measurement of slow reactions; batch reactor; flow reactor; flow tube; stopped-flow; measurement of fast reactions; pulse methods (flash photolysis, laser flash photolysis, pulse radiolysis); shock tube; relaxation methods; competition; line shape methods; kinetics with molecular beams. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Mesomeric formulas; functional groups; systematics and nomenclature of organic compounds; hydrocarbons; physical and chemical propertie; natural gas; oil; fuels; conformation; terpens and steroids; ethen and ethin in industry; aromatic hydrocarbons; PAHC; electrophilic aromatic substitution; halogenated alkanes; fluorinated and chlorinated hydrocarbons; nucleophilic substitution reactions; elimination reactions; alcohols; carboxylic acids; soaps; carboxylic esters; amids; carbohydrates; sugars; mono-, di- and polysaccharides; amino acids; peptides, proteins; protein structure; nucleic acids.

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