Chemistry I

Abstract

Chemistry I: Chemical bonding and molecular structure, chemical thermodynamics and kinetics, chemical equilibrium.

Objective

Acquiring the basics for describing the structure, composition and transformations of the material world. Introduction to thermodynamically determined chemical-physical processes. Use modeling to show how macroscopic phenomena can be understood in terms of atomic and molecular properties. Applications of theory to qualitatively and quantitatively solve simple chemical and environmental problems.

Content

1. Stoichiometry Amount of substance and mass of substance. Composition of compounds. Reaction equation. Ideal gas law. 2. Atomic structure Elementary particles and atoms. Electron configuration of the elements. Periodic system of the elements. 3. Chemical bond and its representation. Spatial structure of molecules. Molecular orbitals. 4. Basics of chemical thermodynamics System and environment. Description of the state and changes of state of chemical systems. 5. First law of thermodynamics Internal energy, heat and work. Enthalpy and enthalpy of reaction. Standard thermodynamic conditions. 6. Second law of thermodynamics Entropy. Entropy changes in the system and in the universe. Reaction entropy due to heat of reaction and due to changes in matter. 7. Gibbs energy and chemical potential. Combination of the first and second law of thermodynamics. Reaction Gibbs energy. Mass activities in gases, condensed substances and dissolved species. Gibbs energy in the course of chemical reactions. Equilibrium constant. 8. Chemical equilibrium Mass action law, reaction quotient and equilibrium constant. Equilibrium in phase transitions. 9. Acids and bases Behavior of substances as acid or base. Dissociation functions of acids. pH concept. Calculation of pH values in acid-base systems and speciation diagrams. Acid-base buffers. Polyprotic acids and bases. 11. Dissolution and precipitation Heterogeneous equilibrium. Dissolution process and solubility constant. Speciation diagrams. The carbon dioxide-carbonate equilibrium in the environment.

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