Architectural Design V-IX: Change: Towards Hydroscopic Design(A. Holtrop)

Abstract

Architecture today is, to a large extent, about controlling water, whether in the atmosphere, in the soil, or in a building. Condensation, rainwater penetration and unwanted moisture can damage a building and impact on its longevity. An architect’s response to the durability of a construction and its materiality generally consists of designing resistance against weathering caused by water.

Objective

In this design studio, you will define your gestures of making and working with material(s) through research and experiment, and in response to the topic of the studio. You are required to produce an architecture that results from your specific engagement with the material and the spatial condition you construct with it. The architecture that results from this approach does not reference or represent something, but simply attempts to exist as a physical spatial reality in its own right. Your research should be supported by the knowledge made available by our studio, and engaged through you with the use of available resources and facilities at departments of the ETH and from external specialists. Throughout the whole semester, and for your final presentation, we require that you work with physical (fragment) models of your building in the actual material(s). It is important, in this design studio, not to make a complete building, but to show and support the found values of the material engagement in a spatial way, based on the full potential of the inherent qualities of the material itself and your way of working it.

Content

This semester, we will focus on water. We will research water as an agency continuously shaping our environment and reacting to and forming other materials. At the same time, water will also be seen as the crucial element shaping the work of an architect. Our relationship with water is complex and contradictory. Water is vital to all forms of life and to the genesis of matter, organic and inorganic. And yet it remains relatively invisible, and as a design agent, underestimated. Architecture today is, to a large extent, about controlling water, whether in the atmosphere, in the soil, or in a building. Condensation, rainwater penetration and unwanted moisture can damage a building and impact on its longevity. An architect’s response to the durability of a construction and its materiality generally consists of designing resistance against weathering caused by water. Our society increasingly demands controlled, standardised comfort: the building envelope separates indoor and outdoor climates and ecologies; the vapour barrier keeps window openings airtight and ensures the high performance of thermal insulation. In turn, the pesticide-applied plaster prevents mould growth on the façade. Seen in a wider territorial frame, analogous to its role for architecture, the control of water following the Industrial Revolution has been crucial to the creation of the modern rationalised landscapes we now inhabit. It appears, however, that the modern mentalities and techniques of control of water have reached their limits. Today, water stands at the centre of the most urgent environmental challenges—from the melting glaciers, increasing droughts and floods and the demand for (green) hydroenergy, to the struggles over water pollution and access to water sources, water is becoming increasingly precious, scarce and politicised. In this semester, we offer the possibility to reimagine the notion of durability by reconsidering our fraught relationship with water. In a movement from hydrophobic to hydroscopic design of buildings and environments, we will embrace the fundamental and unique characteristics of water and its influence on the changing states of matter and ecologies in the territory and architecture. The sites we will study and travel to are situated in the Valais on the slopes of Jungfraujoch, from the summit to the Rhone River. Following the trail of water, we will encounter extraordinary places — convergence of glaciers, geological formations, an ancient alpine pilgrimage route, a water reservoir and a dam, rare crystal and mineral sites, riverbed movements, an active gypsum quarry, a salt mine and the largest debris-flow measuring system in the world. When we take all aspects of the material into consideration – the geology, the sourcing, the industry, the different properties, the craftsmanship, the specialised techniques and the cultural significance – we can deploy the full potential of the inherent qualities of the material itself and our way of working it in what we call "Material Gesture".

Resources