Anisotropy of rocks: from laboratory measurements to numerical prediction. Link between structural geology, petrology and geophysics.Rheology of rocks: from laboratory measurements to flow laws used for numerical modelling. Special emphasis on plastic deformation.

We illustrate some physical properties, deformation mechanisms, and define flow laws. We show the fundamental techniques for the measurement in laboratory of density, permeability, elastic properties and deformation. We presented actual case studies and discuss upscaling from laboratory to field.

The aim of the course is to illustrate how to determined flow laws of rocks from experiments and to compare the produced microstructures with naturally deformed rocks. The fundamental techniques of experimental rock deformation will be illustrated and tested on natural rock samples. The extrapolation to nature will be discussed.

This course gives a tool to describe and interpret microstructures of deformed rocks. It begins with the definition of fabric elements and classification of cleavages. The second part deals with the relation between fabric, microstructure and deformation mechanisms. Finally will be examined the microstructures of high strain zones and the tools to quantify fabric and microstructure.