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The laws of thermodynamics: empirical temperature, energy, entropy. Models and standard states: ideal gases, ideal solutions and mixtures, activity, standard thermodynamic values. Reaction thermodynamics: chemical potential, thermodynamic parameters of reactions, equilibrium conditions and their temperature and pressure dependence, biochemical reactions, surface effects, colligative properties.

Kinetics of chemical and biochemical reactions, inparticular also of katalysed reactions. Surface- and transport-phenomena, characterization of open systems.

Laboratory experiments to acquire a profound knowledge of spectroscopical methods and techniques in chemistry. Evaluation and visualization of measurement data. Writing lab reports.